Cultural Anthropology
Gram
Culture 7/8 fall 05 QUIZ

NOTE: as of 11/15, this quiz will have 10 questions, not 15 as indicated in your syllabus.
NOTE #2: You will now need to have seen movie on Aymara shown in class on Tuesday. 11/22 for this quiz. 
It's MV 2015, module 17, in library. Don't take this quiz without it: have lab person get you out, and write me a note that you did not take the quiz.
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Which of the following best illustrates the concept of "cultural pluralism"? 
Native-Americans are organizing themselves politically to achieve greater self-determination and autonomy.
Western-style clothing and food have spread to all parts of the world.
Over the past 5,000 years there has been a clear trend for political units to become larger and fewer in number.
More and more countries are instituting population control measures.
Multinational corporations have offices and labor forces in many countries.


According to Lappe's article, "Why Can't People Feed Themselves?", how were peasants in the colonies motivated to work on European-owned plantations? 
They were literally coerced, with guns and whips, to work the Europeans' fields.
They were required to pat colonial taxes, for which they needed cash, and therefore had to work for wages.
The best farming lands were taken over by the colonial governments and companies, leaving the local 'native' people unable to support themselves unless they worked for wages on European plantations
All of the above were strategies explicitly developed by Europeans to assure themselves a cheap labor supply.
None of the above tactics - the benefits and purchasing power of cash were readily apparent, and wage work was eagerly adopted by most native peoples.


The changes in Skolt Lapp culture described in your text resulted from which of the following? 
the number of reindeer declined, forcing men to seek wage labor in the cities
snowmobiles to use in herding the reindeer were introduced into the Lapp economy.
women, wanting more independence, left family homesteads to work in the cities.
society became hierarchical, so fewer people were willing to do the herding.................
Christianity was successfully introduced

According to Lappe's article, "Why Can't People Feed Themselves?", European colonial powers instituted which of the following practices into African and Asian farming? 
Colonial governments instituted large-scale cash-crop farming of goods to be sold in European markets.
Colonial governments encouraged native farmers to try new, more productive food crops to help solve the chronic famine problems in the colonies.
Colonial governments forced native farmers to hire large numbers of unemployed Europeans,essentially dumping European labor problems into the colonies' economies.
Colonial governments encouraged ambitious young 'natives' to get good European educations, so they could lead their peoples into the future.
Colonial governments mostly left the native peoples alone, to continue their own subsistence farming methods they had always used.

In the shantytowns of Brazil (as described in the article, "Death Without Weeping"), how do mothers explain the deaths of so many of their infants? 
The mothers explain the high infant mortality as the result of the grinding poverty in which they are forced to live.
The mothers believe that Jesus has called the babies back to Heaven, to be with Him.
The mothers know that the babies are starving to death, and could be saved by better care.
The mothers believe that Satan has stolen their babies, because they are so beautiful...and that there's no way to fight the devil.
The mothers blame themselves for not knowing how to provide the care their infants need, and feel each loss with both guilt and grief.


Which of the following countries has a caste system of some degree in operation? 
South Africa
United States
India
Bolivia
All of the above have some element of caste in their social structure


Social mobility refers to the 
amount of modern transportation available.
breakup of the extended family
possibility of changing one's class membership
ease with which one moves from one common interest association to another.
process of moving through a society's age set system.


The Anthropology Applied example (in Chapter 11) of the "social impact assessment" in New Mexico relates to the discussion of stratification in which of the following ways? 
The water diversion project in New Mexico would have benefitted the local Hispanic and Indian communities by providing access to water that had long been denied to them by the powerful Anglo ranchers.
These rural Hispanic and Indian communities eventually lost their case, because they could not afford to hire an effective lawyer.
The local Indian and Hispanic communities were in favor of the project, which would create new jobs and enable them to improve their standard of living.
The developers of the project had discounted or ignored both the effectiveness and the central importance of the local systems of water allocation to these rural "ethnic" communities.
The project was eventually approved. because it would contribute to the "greater public good", even if it caused hardship for a few small local communities.


Which of the following refers to a situation in which groups within a society, who have different ways of acting and thinking, can nonetheless interact socially and politically with mutual respect? 
Modernization
Acculturation
Ethnocentrism
Cultural pluralism
Globalization

Which of the following most accurately illustrates or reflects the concept of "structural violence" as discussed in chapter 16 of your text? 
the use of military force to suppress popular rebellions.
the increase in incidents of wife-beating and child abuse in modern and modernizing cultures.
the observation that poor countries bear disproportionately large share of the costs, and get very few of the benefits, of development or modernization.
the almost ritualized feuds and battles among the street gangs in many Western urban centers.
the increased use by centralized governments of nation-states of the death penalty considered as a legitimate means of social control.

The demand by "developed" countries for such items as coffee, chocolate, tea, cotton, and beef has had which of the following consequences? 
An increase in the standard of living of the world's former "subsistence farmers", who now have more reliable paid employment on plantations and ranches.
An increase in famine and poverty in the "Third World", as former "subsistence farmers" are pushed off their lands to make way for the huge farms/ranches, which produce cash crops for export.
A more efficient use of energy, water, and land resources, as the superior 'agribusiness' technology and knowledge are applied to "Third World" settings.
A lessening of population pressure in the cities, as urban workers can now return to the countryside as agricultural laborers.
A decrease in "Third World" countries' national debts, as the proceeds from multinational agribusiness projects enable governments to pay off long-standing loans.


The rise of separatist movements, such as those promoted by French-speakers in Canada, Tamils in Sri Lanka, Latvians in the former Soviet Union, etc. indicate that 
humans cannot work successfully toward peace
southerners are more rebellious than northerners
all large states have a tendency to come apart
Western Europe will eventually dominate the globe
developing countries cannot maintain political stability


In many ways the current structure of global society is similar to 
the organization of a multinational corporation.
the system of apartheid in South Africa
the structure of the Trobriand kula ring
a BaMbuti pygmy hunting band
a patrilineal extended family


According to your text's discussion of the genocide in Rwanda in the 1990's, the mass killings of Tutsi by Hutu were 
an outbreak of spontaneous ethnic violence between these two ancient tribal enemies.
part of a communist plot to try to overthrow a democratically elected government.
motivated by the intense religious fervor of the fundamentalist Hutu, who claimed to be ridding the country of "Satan's children".
primarily an example of class warfare, let loose because the traditional reciproal relationships among the classes were dismantled under colonial rule.
part of a resistance movement by native Rwandans, trying to rid themselves of oppressive foreign rule.


According to Lappe's article, "Why Can't People Feed Themselves?", what were "marketing boards", and what was their effect in the colonies? 
Marketing Boards were councils of local (native) producers who met to share ideas for increasing farming efficiency.
Marketing boards, set up by colonial governments, purchased native crops at low prices and sold them in Europe at high prices.
Marketing boards, set up by colonial governments, saw to it that natives were paid fair prices for good they produced for sale in European markets.
Marketing boards were native councils that managed the local and regional food markets, long the primary centers for redistribution in most of the African and Asian societies.


When advertisers or political speech writers 'target' particular audiences for whom they design messages that will 'sell', they are using their understanding of which of the following bases for social groups? 
age grades
sex roles
common interest associations
class (and the 'symbolic indicators of class)
all of the above can be targeted for commercial or political purposes


According to the film on the Aymara of Bolivia, how have the Aymara become dependent upon the mestizos for religious services? 
The priests and other religious officials are mestizo, so the services cannot happen without their services.
Many mestizos attend the Aymara festivals and services, which brings in financial support for the whole Aymara community.
Religious services must be approved by the state government.
Mestizos follow the older, pre-colonial religion, which the Aymara have forgotten.


A system of social stratification marked by ranked groups into which people are born and from which they may not move is called: 
a rank society.
a caste system.
a class system.
an egalitarian society.
a prestige system.

Class systems differ from caste systems in which of the following ways? 
Class systems are more egalitarian than caste systems.
Class systems are relatively, or potentially,open to mobility, whereas caste systems are closed to mobility.
Class systems are typically Western or European-derived social structures, whereas caste systems prevail in non-Western societies.
Class is based on economic success, whereas caste is based on prestige.
Class systems are basically fair, or just, whereas caste systems are unjust or unfair by nature.

Which of the following societies is the most egalitarian in social structure? 
modern Russia
modern United States
ancient Maya
modern Bolivia
none of the above is or has been an egalitarian society.


Which one of the following would be most likely to be an egalitarian society? 
a horticultural society.
a foraging or hunting/gathering band.
a western democratic nation-state.
an agricultural society (of intensive farming)
a socialist or communist state.


According to the film on the Aymara of Bolivia, how have the Aymara become dependent upon the mestizos for religious services? 
The priests and other religious officials are mestizo, so the services cannot happen without their services.
Many mestizos attend the Aymara festivals and services, which brings in financial support for the whole Aymara community.
Religious services must be approved by the state government.
Mestizos follow the older, pre-colonial religion, which the Aymara have forgotten.


In their search for cheap labor, global corporations have tended to favor which of the following for low-skilled assembly jobs? 
computerized machines
women
children
urban ghetto males
refugees from war-torn countries

Why, according to Lappe's article, CAN'T people in "developing" countries feed themselves? 
Because soils are too poor, and water too scarce, in most of these "Third World" countries to support effective farming .
Because people in these countries have different attitudes towards work than do the more achievement-oriented nations, and are just not motivated to work hard enough to support themselves.
Because industrialized countries have taken over much of the productive land and labor in the "Third World", for use in producing profit-making (for the Europeans) export crops.
Because people in these usually tropical regions are so exhausted by malaria and other tropical diseases, that they haven't the energy to produce enough to feed themselves and their families.
Because these people's primitive technologies and backward cultural traditions prevent them from trying new, more efficient ideas or techniques that would improve their lot.


Which of the following effects have multinational corporations had on international and domestic scenes as they expanded in the last 30-40 years? 
Because multinational corporations cut across nation states, they have contributed to a form of global unity.
Multinational corporations have become so powerful that they have been able to influence national government decisions in ways that benefit the companies rather than the citizens.
Because multinational corporations are the "product of the technological revolution", they have greatly increased the efficiency in the use of global resources.
a and b above.
all of the above.


It is possible today to eat a McDonald's hamburger in Japan and drink Coca-Cola in China; this is indicative of what trend discussed in your text? 
International laws passed by the Food and Drug Administration.
The spread of an egalitarian ideology: everyone should have an equal right to eat a Big Mac!
The emergence of a global culture.
The development of cultural pluralism.
The tendency toward replacement reproduction.


WHICH OF THESE IS TRUE OF ALL STRATIFIED SOCIETIES? 
It is virtually impossible to move from one social level to another, except possibly by marriage.
Various groups within a society have unequal access to resources, power, and prestige.
An individual's position in a society depends largely on his/her own skills.
An individual's ranking depends entirely upon the status of her/his birth family.
People lose status, influence, and power as they grow older.


Class is to caste as: 
western is to non-western.
equality is to rank.
economics is to prestige.
equality is to social stratification.
open is to closed.

Social mobility 
is easier in societies with a nuclear family structure.
is easier for people in lower classes (there's nowhere to go but up!)
is always in an upward direction in the ranking system.
usually enables a person to make a major and dramatic change in life style.
is easier than most people think.

In the film on the Aymara and Mestizos of Bolivia, which of the following has improved for the Aymara as a result of the revolution of 1952? 
Medical care
Land ownership
Transportation
Education
Farming techniques

In India, how do people come to belong to particular castes? 
People choose the caste they want to belong to when they come of age; they apply for admission, subject to a quota system which assures that enough people will be left out of more desirable castes to be assigned to lower ones.
People are born into their castes and have virtually no choice or chance to alter their position.
Parents consult their local astrologer at the birth of ach child; s/he determines which caste a child is supposed to belong to.
People start in lower castes and work their way up.
As part of their initiation into adulthood, young people are tested for various aptitudes, and are assigned their caste status on the basis of their performance.


In general, as societies become more urbanized, which of the following tends to happen? 
Kinship groups and affiliation increase in importance.
Common interest groups become more varied and important.
Age sets continue to operate with little change.
All of the above usually occur.




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